Anodick\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd ozna\u010duje hlin\u00edkov\u00fd povrch upraven\u00fd elektrochemick\u00fdm eloxovan\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm sa z\u00edskava v\u00fdnimo\u010dne trvanliv\u00e1 a kor\u00f3zii odoln\u00e1 povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava, ktor\u00e1 sa nikdy ne\u0161tiepi, nel\u00fape ani neodlupuje - je trikr\u00e1t tvrd\u0161ia ako \u0161tandardn\u00fd hlin\u00edk a 60% \u013eah\u0161ia!<\/p>\n
Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok sa zaober\u00e1 z\u00e1kladmi a vyu\u017eit\u00edm por\u00e9zneho anodick\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho vr\u00e1tane jeho vyu\u017eitia ako \u0161abl\u00f3ny na pestovanie nanodr\u00f4tov a nanor\u00farok na v\u00fdrobu metamateri\u00e1lov s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami.<\/p>\n
Anodick\u00fd por\u00e9zny oxid hlinit\u00fd (NPA), ozna\u010dovan\u00fd aj ako nanop\u00f3rovit\u00fd anodizovan\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd (NAA), je zauj\u00edmav\u00fd materi\u00e1l s r\u00f4znymi aplik\u00e1ciami v\u010faka svojim usporiadan\u00fdm a hust\u00fdm por\u00e9znym \u0161trukt\u00faram s p\u00f3rmi s priemerom v rozsahu nanometrov. Tieto p\u00f3ry vytvorili nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti v oblastiach, ako je \u0161truktur\u00e1lne farbenie a fotonika, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sl\u00fa\u017eia ako \u0161abl\u00f3ny na vytv\u00e1ranie materi\u00e1lov, ako s\u00fa nanodr\u00f4ty alebo nanor\u00farky, na v\u00fdvoj metamateri\u00e1lov s prisp\u00f4soben\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami.<\/p>\n
Pokra\u010duje v\u00fdskum presn\u00fdch mechanizmov, ktor\u00fdmi sa tieto \u0161trukt\u00fary vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa, pri\u010dom osobitn\u00fd z\u00e1ujem sa s\u00fastre\u010fuje na anodick\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd. Zah\u0155\u0148a chemick\u00e9 aj elektrochemick\u00e9 reakcie, pri\u010dom prv\u00e1 z nich zah\u0155\u0148a priame vstrekovanie i\u00f3nov hlin\u00edka priamo do roztoku elektrolytu, zatia\u013e \u010do jej elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1protivok prebieha v trhlin\u00e1ch vo vrstve jeho oxidu; zlo\u017eenie roztoku elektrolytu a pou\u017eit\u00fd anodiza\u010dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi faktormi, pokia\u013e ide o ve\u013ekos\u0165 trhl\u00edn.<\/p>\n
Po vytvoren\u00ed trhl\u00edn m\u00f4\u017eu hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 i\u00f3ny vyvrhnut\u00e9 do elektrolytu navz\u00e1jom interagova\u0165 a vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 samoorganizovan\u00e9 por\u00e9zne \u0161trukt\u00fary, ktor\u00e9 z\u00e1visia od anodiza\u010dn\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu a typu elektrolytu; ich ve\u013ekos\u0165 a tvar z\u00e1visia od faktorov, ako je anodiza\u010dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l, ako aj pr\u00edtomnos\u0165\/nepr\u00edtomnos\u0165 bari\u00e9rov\u00fdch vrstiev.<\/p>\n
Ako je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161ie, pri prechode vysok\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boja cez anodizovan\u00fd substr\u00e1t sa jeho p\u00f3ry roz\u0161\u00edria, pri\u010dom sa zmen\u0161\u00ed ich vzdialenos\u0165 medzi p\u00f3rmi, \u010do vedie k vytvoreniu \u0161es\u0165uholn\u00edkov\u00fdch pol\u00ed p\u00f3rov, ako je vidie\u0165 tu; hoci podobn\u00e9 polia m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 aj in\u00e9 tvary, napr\u00edklad obd\u013a\u017enikov\u00e9 alebo \u0161tvorcov\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/p>\n
Morfol\u00f3gia pol\u00ed p\u00f3rov z\u00e1vis\u00ed od ich po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9ho usporiadania v podobe vopred vytvoren\u00fdch konk\u00e1vnych jamiek na povrchu anodick\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a od ich vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch vzdialenost\u00ed medzi p\u00f3rmi. Ak sa pou\u017eij\u00fa grafitov\u00e9 mrie\u017ekov\u00e9 vzory s 300 nm vzdialenos\u0165ami medzi p\u00f3rmi, steny oxidu sa vyvin\u00fa do trojuholn\u00edkov\u00e9ho tvaru, zatia\u013e \u010do vo\u0161tinov\u00e9 mrie\u017ekov\u00e9 vzory s 500 nm vzdialenos\u0165ami medzi p\u00f3rmi poskytuj\u00fa p\u00f3ry v tvare diamantu; v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku tento tvar ovplyv\u0148uje priepustnos\u0165 svetla a rozptylov\u00e9 vlastnosti povrchu anodick\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n
Od pr\u00e1ce Masudu a Moskovitsa sa por\u00e9zny anodick\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd (AAO) stal atrakt\u00edvnou platformou pre nanofabrik\u00e1ciu na v\u00fdskum v mnoh\u00fdch oblastiach. Nanotempl\u00e1ty AAO sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pri v\u00fdrobe materi\u00e1lov so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami v oblasti magnetizmu, termoelektrick\u00fdch a termoelektrick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed s redukovan\u00fdmi rozmermi; AAO mo\u017eno \u013eahko modifikova\u0165 na v\u00fdrobu r\u00f4znych morfol\u00f3gi\u00ed, ako s\u00fa vetven\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary, modulovan\u00e9 alebo trojrozmern\u00e9 nanop\u00f3rovit\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary.<\/p>\n
Morfologick\u00e9 vlastnosti AAO s\u00fa podmienen\u00e9 bari\u00e9rovou vrstvou a anodick\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lom. Bari\u00e9rov\u00e1 vrstva ovplyv\u0148uje to, ako r\u00fdchlo hlin\u00edk uvo\u013e\u0148uje svoje i\u00f3ny do roztoku, zatia\u013e \u010do anodick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l ovplyv\u0148uje, ako r\u00fdchlo rast\u00fa p\u00f3ry - ich ve\u013ekos\u0165 z\u00e1vis\u00ed od pou\u017eit\u00e9ho anodick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu, teploty, zlo\u017eenia elektrolytu a experiment\u00e1lnych podmienok.<\/p>\n
Vo v\u0161eobecnosti plat\u00ed, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a bli\u017e\u0161ie k sebe s\u00fa priemery p\u00f3rov a vzdialenosti medzi p\u00f3rmi, t\u00fdm r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie sa vytvor\u00ed anodick\u00fd oxid. Treba v\u0161ak vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy aj to, \u017ee ich ve\u013ekos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1visie\u0165 aj od tak\u00fdch faktorov, ako je chemizmus povrchu, ktor\u00fd mo\u017eno kontrolova\u0165 chemick\u00fdm leptan\u00edm alebo pou\u017eit\u00edm anodick\u00fdch prekurzorov.<\/p>\n
\u010ealej je potrebn\u00e9 zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee usporiadanie p\u00f3rov nie je podmienen\u00e9 len tvarom vtla\u010denej jamky, ale je ovplyvnen\u00e9 aj po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdm konk\u00e1vnym usporiadan\u00edm jamiek na substr\u00e1te. Napr\u00edklad pri pou\u017eit\u00ed FIB vzorov konk\u00e1v s 300 nm vzdialenos\u0165ou medzi p\u00f3rmi na Al substr\u00e1te vznikaj\u00fa po anodiz\u00e1cii trojuholn\u00edkov\u00e9 a obd\u013a\u017enikov\u00e9 steny oxidu (obr. 14a - 14c).<\/p>\n
Na rozhran\u00ed oxid\/elektrolyt zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa pri tvorbe AAO z\u00e1sadn\u00fa \u00falohu oxal\u00e1ty. V kombin\u00e1cii s i\u00f3nmi Al3+, ktor\u00e9 sa po\u010das podmienok MA vypudzuj\u00fa z p\u00f3rov, tieto oxal\u00e1tov\u00e9 i\u00f3ny s nimi reaguj\u00fa za vzniku molek\u00fal vody, ktor\u00e9 zni\u017euj\u00fa odolnos\u0165 bari\u00e9rov\u00fdch vrstiev a u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rast \u0161trukt\u00far p\u00f3rovej matrice. Naopak, za podmienok HA doch\u00e1dza k tvorbe nepor\u00e9zneho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm odporom v bari\u00e9rovej vrstve v d\u00f4sledku nap\u00e4tia sp\u00f4soben\u00e9ho objemovou expanziou na rozhran\u00ed kov\/oxid.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdroba por\u00e9zneho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho si vy\u017eaduje anodiz\u00e1ciu hlin\u00edka v kysl\u00fdch elektrolytoch. Tento proces zah\u0155\u0148a migr\u00e1ciu i\u00f3nov kysl\u00edka z roztoku na povrch kovu a vytvorenie bari\u00e9rovej vrstvy oxidu izolantu, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 vysok\u00fd elektrick\u00fd odpor; m\u00f4\u017ee cez \u0148u prech\u00e1dza\u0165 len mal\u00fd pr\u00fad a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako izolant a zastavuje \u010fal\u0161ie odparovanie z povrchu.<\/p>\n
Teplota, zlo\u017eenie elektrolytu a aplikovan\u00fd potenci\u00e1l po\u010das anodiz\u00e1cie zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa neoddelite\u013en\u00fa \u00falohu pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed r\u00f4znych ve\u013ekost\u00ed p\u00f3rov; ich \u0161truktur\u00e1lnymi parametrami s\u00fa priemer a vzdialenos\u0165 medzi p\u00f3rmi. Vytvorenie rovnomernej\u0161ej \u0161trukt\u00fary p\u00f3rov m\u00f4\u017ee zabezpe\u010di\u0165 pulzn\u00e1 anodiz\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n
Pri tejto technike sa anodiz\u00e1cia po ur\u010ditom \u010dase preru\u0161\u00ed a znovu sa spust\u00ed pri vy\u0161\u0161om potenci\u00e1li, \u010d\u00edm sa pred\u013a\u017ei \u010das anodiz\u00e1cie a vytvoria sa hrub\u0161ie a por\u00e9znej\u0161ie vrstvy oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n
Pulzn\u00e1 anodiz\u00e1cia sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 aj na v\u00fdrobu rozvetven\u00fdch alebo modulovan\u00fdch p\u00f3rov zmenou anodiza\u010dn\u00fdch podmienok medzi MA a HA v \u0161pecifick\u00fdch sekvenci\u00e1ch a zmenou trvania impulzov, \u010d\u00edm sa vytvoria p\u00f3ry s viacer\u00fdmi priemermi a vysok\u00fdm stup\u0148om usporiadania.<\/p>\n
\u00daprava pH anodiza\u010dn\u00fdch roztokov umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom meni\u0165 distrib\u00faciu ve\u013ekosti p\u00f3rov. Dosiahnu\u0165 to je mo\u017en\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm alebo zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm koncentr\u00e1cie oxal\u00e1tov\u00fdch druhov v elektrolyte; naopak, pre men\u0161ie p\u00f3ry by malo by\u0165 v roztoku elektrolytu pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch menej druhov.<\/p>\n
\u010eal\u0161\u00edm krokom k zmene \u0161trukt\u00fary p\u00f3rov je proces selekt\u00edvneho leptania. Ten sa m\u00f4\u017ee vykona\u0165 po anodiz\u00e1cii v roztoku obsahuj\u00facom kyselinu fosfore\u010dn\u00fa a jeho v\u00fdsledkom je 3D por\u00e9zna membr\u00e1na z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho s dobre usporiadan\u00fdmi p\u00f3rmi, aj ke\u010f sa po\u010das anodiz\u00e1cie pou\u017eili podmienky MA; t\u00e1to met\u00f3da je preto vhodn\u00e1 najm\u00e4 pre aplik\u00e1cie vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00face sod\u00edkov\u00e9 pouli\u010dn\u00e9 lampy ako z\u00e1sobn\u00edky plynu.<\/p>\n
Por\u00e9zny anodick\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd si v posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165ro\u010diach z\u00edskal ve\u013ek\u00fd z\u00e1ujem v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov v\u010faka svojim pozoruhodn\u00fdm fyzik\u00e1lnym, chemick\u00fdm a optick\u00fdm vlastnostiam. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 p\u00f4sobiv\u00e9 s\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00fary pozost\u00e1vaj\u00face z nanometrov\u00fdch prvkov tohto anodick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu na navrhovanie optick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, ako s\u00fa fotonick\u00e9 kry\u0161t\u00e1ly alebo lasery.<\/p>\n
Tvorba komplexn\u00fdch morfol\u00f3gi\u00ed je podmienen\u00e1 elektrochemick\u00fdmi reakciami prebiehaj\u00facimi na rozhran\u00ed kov\/elektrolyt a na rozhran\u00ed oxid\/elektrolyt, kde elektrick\u00e9 pole generovan\u00e9 cez bari\u00e9rov\u00fa vrstvu sp\u00f4sobuje rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie oxidu, uvo\u013e\u0148ovanie i\u00f3nov Al3+, objemov\u00fa expanziu na rozhran\u00ed kov\/oxid, vznik nap\u00e4tia v d\u00f4sledku objemovej expanzie na tomto rozhran\u00ed a objemov\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie na rozhran\u00ed kov\/oxid v z\u00e1vislosti od anodiza\u010dn\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu, teploty, zlo\u017eenia kyseliny a experiment\u00e1lnych podmienok.<\/p>\n
Pulzn\u00e1 anodiz\u00e1cia je jednou z najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edch techn\u00edk na vytv\u00e1ranie vysoko kontrolovanej morfol\u00f3gie p\u00f3rov, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje anodiz\u00e1torom upravova\u0165 priemer p\u00f3rov a vzdialenos\u0165 medzi p\u00f3rmi zmenou nastavenia nap\u00e4tia; okrem toho je mo\u017en\u00e9 upravova\u0165 \u0161truktur\u00e1lne parametre vytvoren\u00fdch membr\u00e1n zmenou nastavenia potenci\u00e1lu a \u010dasu pre ka\u017ed\u00fd anodiz\u00e1tor, \u010do v pr\u00edpade potreby vedie k vytvoreniu Morieho vzorov alebo schodiskov\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far.<\/p>\n
Anodick\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd pon\u00faka \u010fal\u0161iu v\u00fdhodu pri v\u00fdvoji funk\u010dn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov: schopnos\u0165 kontrolova\u0165 povrchov\u00fa ch\u00e9miu. Chemick\u00fdm leptan\u00edm alebo elektrochemick\u00fdm nanesen\u00edm sa na jeho povrchu m\u00f4\u017eu vytvori\u0165 ochrann\u00e9 vrstvy; okrem toho sa tepeln\u00fdm spracovan\u00edm alebo nano\u0161kraban\u00edm m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165 jeho morfol\u00f3gia alebo sa na \u0148om m\u00f4\u017eu vytvori\u0165 ochrann\u00e9 vrstvy.<\/p>\n
Anodick\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd predstavuje atrakt\u00edvnu platformu na vytv\u00e1ranie materi\u00e1lov s redukovanou dimenziou v magnetizme, termoelektrike a in\u00fdch oblastiach, ako s\u00fa optick\u00e9 techniky. Okrem toho je v\u010faka svojej univerz\u00e1lnosti u\u017eito\u010dnou \u0161abl\u00f3nou na rast materi\u00e1lov s r\u00f4znymi kombinovan\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami optick\u00fdch techn\u00edk. V spolo\u010dnosti InRedox vyr\u00e1bame a poskytujeme nano\u0161abl\u00f3ny anodick\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho v r\u00f4znych form\u00e1toch a \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom, ktor\u00ed sk\u00famaj\u00fa vedeck\u00e9 a technologick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti zalo\u017een\u00e9 na tomto materi\u00e1li; tak\u00e9to \u0161abl\u00f3ny sa m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017ei\u0165 na sk\u00famanie r\u00f4znych aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed vr\u00e1tane svetlovodov a fotonick\u00fdch kry\u0161t\u00e1lov.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Anodick\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd ozna\u010duje hlin\u00edkov\u00fd povrch upraven\u00fd elektrochemick\u00fdm eloxovan\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm sa dosiahne v\u00fdnimo\u010dne trvanliv\u00e1 a kor\u00f3zii odoln\u00e1 povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava, ktor\u00e1 nikdy [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=746"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/746\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":747,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/746\/revisions\/747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}