{"id":636,"date":"2024-06-07T22:03:05","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T14:03:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/?p=636"},"modified":"2024-06-07T22:03:06","modified_gmt":"2024-06-07T14:03:06","slug":"alumina-wheel-spacers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/distancne-podlozky-pod-kolesa-z-oxidu-hliniteho\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozpierky kolies z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky kolies v porovnan\u00ed s oce\u013eov\u00fdmi lep\u0161ie odv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa teplo a s\u00fa menej n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na kor\u00f3ziu; navy\u0161e \u013eah\u0161ie odol\u00e1vaj\u00fa opotrebovaniu.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161e modul\u00e1rne tepelne izola\u010dn\u00e9 di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 vlo\u017eky s\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 na pou\u017eitie s termionick\u00fdmi konvertormi a zariadeniami, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa oddelenie elektr\u00f3d pri zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch. Ich tepeln\u00e1 vodivos\u0165 zost\u00e1va nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 od ve\u013ekosti alebo hr\u00fabky medzery, pri\u010dom zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di tlakov\u00fdm deform\u00e1ci\u00e1m mimo roviny s pevnos\u0165ou pri poruche 1 MPa alebo vy\u0161\u0161ou.<\/p>\n<h2>Tvrdos\u0165<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e1 keramika je jedn\u00fdm z najtvrd\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1mych materi\u00e1lov, dokonca tvrd\u0161\u00ed ako n\u00e1strojov\u00e1 oce\u013e a karbid volfr\u00e1mu. V\u010faka svojej v\u00fdnimo\u010dnej tvrdosti je korundov\u00e1 keramika vynikaj\u00facou vo\u013ebou materi\u00e1lu na pou\u017eitie v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch s extr\u00e9mnym opotrebovan\u00edm, ako s\u00fa oblo\u017eenia mlynov a \u017e\u013eabov, lo\u017eisk\u00e1 alebo ak\u00e9ko\u013evek \u010dasti vystaven\u00e9 drsn\u00e9mu prostrediu a mechanick\u00e9mu nam\u00e1haniu.<\/p>\n<p>Keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l m\u00e1 tie\u017e vynikaj\u00facu chemick\u00fa stabilitu, odol\u00e1va p\u00f4sobeniu siln\u00fdch kysel\u00edn, z\u00e1sad a rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adiel - je dostato\u010dne odoln\u00fd, aby odolal kor\u00f3zii aj v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch a koroz\u00edvnych podmienkach, v ktor\u00fdch by sa in\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly preh\u00fdbali. T\u00e1to odolnos\u0165 umo\u017e\u0148uje keramike odol\u00e1va\u0165 kor\u00f3zii aj v drsn\u00fdch a koroz\u00edvnych podmienkach, kde by in\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly mohli zlyha\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e1 keramika je v\u010faka svojej tvrdosti vhodn\u00e1 na v\u00fdrobu rezn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov. V\u010faka svojej odolnosti vo\u010di oderu a h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 aj na priemyseln\u00e9 rezn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, kde je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 trenie medzi reznou hranou a obrobkom. Keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dokonca priesvitn\u00fd pridan\u00edm mal\u00e9ho mno\u017estva magn\u00e9zia do jeho zlo\u017eenia - tento materi\u00e1l \u010dasto sl\u00fa\u017ei ako z\u00e1sobn\u00edk plynu vo vysokotlakov\u00fdch sod\u00edkov\u00fdch pouli\u010dn\u00fdch lamp\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk vynik\u00e1 medzi ostatn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi vynikaj\u00facou pevnos\u0165ou v tlaku, ktor\u00e1 je nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ia ako pevnos\u0165 taven\u00e9ho kreme\u0148a a porcel\u00e1nu. T\u00e1to vysok\u00e1 pevnos\u0165 v tlaku umo\u017e\u0148uje oxidu hlinit\u00e9mu odol\u00e1va\u0165 deform\u00e1ci\u00e1m pri za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed, ako aj poskytova\u0165 dlh\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 v kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Okrem toho t\u00e1to v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e1 pevnos\u0165 d\u00e1va oxidu hlinit\u00e9mu vynikaj\u00facu rozmerov\u00fa stabilitu, ktor\u00e1 je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, kde je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zachova\u0165 rovnak\u00e9 rozmery.<\/p>\n<p>Keramika m\u00e1 extr\u00e9mne vysok\u00fd bod topenia a ve\u013emi n\u00edzky koeficient roz\u0165a\u017enosti, v\u010faka \u010domu je vhodn\u00e1 na jednoduch\u00e9 vytv\u00e1ranie dielov zlo\u017eit\u00fdch tvarov a ve\u013ek\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010diastok. Techniky tvarovania m\u00f4\u017eu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 lisovanie za tepla, lisovanie za sucha alebo tvarovanie za studena, aby sa vytvorila jej kone\u010dn\u00e1 podoba.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk sa vyr\u00e1ba v r\u00f4znych kvalit\u00e1ch, od taviarenskej cez kalcinovan\u00fa, reakt\u00edvnu a\u017e po vysoko \u010dist\u00fa. Po zmie\u0161an\u00ed so zirk\u00f3nom vytv\u00e1ra CeramAlloy ZTA; extr\u00e9mne tvrd\u00fd materi\u00e1l s vynikaj\u00facimi vlastnos\u0165ami lomovej h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky PCB pon\u00fakaj\u00fa n\u00e1kladovo efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie mont\u00e1\u017ene rie\u0161enie ako ich oce\u013eov\u00e9 n\u00e1protivky, poskytuj\u00fa odolnej\u0161ie mont\u00e1\u017ene rie\u0161enia a zvy\u0161uj\u00fa zr\u00fdchlenie a palivov\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165. Ich \u013eahk\u00e1 povaha m\u00f4\u017ee \u010falej napom\u00e1ha\u0165 zr\u00fdchleniu.<\/p>\n<h2>Odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky pod koles\u00e1 s\u00fa medzi majite\u013emi automobilov \u010doraz ob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161ie pre svoju odolnos\u0165 a estetick\u00fa hodnotu. Tieto medzery odde\u013euj\u00fa upev\u0148ovacie prvky na jednotliv\u00fdch koles\u00e1ch od vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho kontaktu, \u010d\u00edm zabra\u0148uj\u00fa ne\u017eiaducim chemick\u00fdm reakci\u00e1m medzi nimi a navz\u00e1jom. Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u013eah\u0161ie ako oce\u013eov\u00e9, poskytuj\u00fa r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie zr\u00fdchlenie a obratnos\u0165, ako aj vy\u0161\u0161iu odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii ako ich oce\u013eov\u00e9 n\u00e1protivky.<\/p>\n<p>Keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho je jednou z najtvrd\u0161\u00edch a najodolnej\u0161\u00edch dostupn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e1 sa v\u010faka svojim vynikaj\u00facim fyzik\u00e1lnym a elektrick\u00fdm vlastnostiam, ako je vysok\u00e1 pevnos\u0165, dielektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti a odolnos\u0165 proti opotrebovaniu, pou\u017e\u00edva v mnoh\u00fdch technick\u00fdch keramick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Okrem toho sa oxid hlinit\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 vynikaj\u00facou odolnos\u0165ou proti kor\u00f3zii pri p\u00f4soben\u00ed vlhkosti alebo kysl\u00edka a vyzna\u010duje sa n\u00edzkou p\u00f3rovitos\u0165ou a tepelnou vodivos\u0165ou, \u010do zvy\u0161uje jeho univerz\u00e1lnos\u0165 ako zvolen\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva ako substr\u00e1t pre integrovan\u00e9 obvody a vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00fa izol\u00e1ciu v\u010faka svojim vysoko elektricky izola\u010dn\u00fdm vlastnostiam a minim\u00e1lnym prenosov\u00fdm strat\u00e1m, ako aj odolnosti proti \u017eiareniu, oderu a po\u0161kodeniu radi\u00e1ciou. Keramick\u00e9 kompozity oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a oxidu zirkoni\u010dit\u00e9ho (ZTA) pon\u00fakaj\u00fa jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 kombinuj\u00fa tvrdos\u0165, pevnos\u0165, odolnos\u0165 proti opotrebovaniu, odolnos\u0165 proti kor\u00f3zii, lomov\u00fa h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165 vlastnosti zirk\u00f3nov\u00fdch komponentov s vlastnos\u0165ami, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v komponentoch z materi\u00e1lu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 vlo\u017eky zo zelen\u00e9ho, su\u0161en\u00e9ho alebo \u00faplne hust\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho mo\u017eno fr\u00e9zova\u0165 s pr\u00edsnymi toleranciami pomocou zariaden\u00ed CNC. Pou\u017eitie diamantov\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov a rozsiahle br\u00fasenie je v\u0161ak pri mal\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch tohto materi\u00e1lu n\u00e1kladn\u00e9, preto sa v z\u00e1ujme zn\u00ed\u017eenia v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov oxid hlinit\u00fd \u010dasto kombinuje s in\u00fdmi odoln\u00fdmi a \u013eahko obrobite\u013en\u00fdmi materi\u00e1lmi, ako je napr\u00edklad obr\u00e1bate\u013en\u00e1 sklokeramika macor.<\/p>\n<p>Obr\u00e1ban\u00e9 di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a oxidu zirkoni\u010dit\u00e9ho si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa menej pr\u00e1ce ako ich n\u00e1protivky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a ich rezanie, br\u00fasenie a le\u0161tenie je ove\u013ea jednoduch\u0161ie; v\u00fdsledkom s\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161ie v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a krat\u0161ie dodacie lehoty, ako aj mimoriadne odoln\u00e9 di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky, ktor\u00e9 odol\u00e1vaj\u00fa oderu, n\u00e1razom, vibr\u00e1ci\u00e1m a in\u00fdm form\u00e1m opotrebovania.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci trh s hlin\u00edkov\u00fdmi medzikusmi r\u00fdchlo rastie, niektor\u00e9 faktory by mohli br\u00e1ni\u0165 jeho roz\u0161irovaniu. Medzi ne m\u00f4\u017eu patri\u0165:<\/p>\n<h2>Elektrick\u00e1 izol\u00e1cia<\/h2>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd (be\u017ene ozna\u010dovan\u00fd ako oxid hlinit\u00fd) je jedn\u00fdm z najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00edch keramick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v technickej v\u00fdrobe, ktor\u00fd sa vyzna\u010duje v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami od tvrdosti a pevnosti a\u017e po odolnos\u0165 proti kor\u00f3zii a elektrick\u00fa izol\u00e1ciu. Jeho vysok\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 navy\u0161e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 r\u00f4zne potreby priemyslu t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa vyr\u00e1ba v mnoh\u00fdch form\u00e1ch na r\u00f4zne \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p>\n<p>Akt\u00edvny oxid hlinit\u00fd je zrnit\u00fd materi\u00e1l s mnoh\u00fdmi priemyseln\u00fdmi a komer\u010dn\u00fdmi vyu\u017eitiami, od v\u00fdroby katalyz\u00e1torov a\u017e po p\u00f4sobenie ako adsorbent na absorpciu vody z plynov alebo kvapal\u00edn. Okrem toho sa aktivovan\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd vo ve\u013ekej miere pou\u017e\u00edva ako laborat\u00f3rny tovar, zrnitos\u0165 br\u00fasneho papiera\/br\u00fasnych kot\u00fa\u010dov\/\u017eiarupevn\u00fdch v\u00fdmuroviek v peciach, ako aj na \u010fal\u0161iu rafin\u00e1ciu na v\u00fdrobu izol\u00e1torov iskrov\u00fdch svie\u010dok, obalov integrovan\u00fdch obvodov\/kostn\u00fdch implant\u00e1tov, ako aj br\u00fasnych papierov\/br\u00fasnych kot\u00fa\u010dov\/\u017eiarupevn\u00fdch v\u00fdmuroviek\/\u017eiarupevn\u00fdch v\u00fdmuroviek\/\u017eiarupevn\u00fdch v\u00fdmuroviek\/\u017eiarupevn\u00fdch v\u00fdmuroviek\/\u017eiarupevn\u00fdch v\u00fdmuroviek pre priemyseln\u00e9 pece\/plame\u0148ov\u00e9 pece\/\u017eiarupevn\u00e9 v\u00fdmurovky alebo dokonca iskrov\u00e9svie\u010dkov\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory\/\u017eiarupevn\u00e9 vymurovky\/br\u00fasne kot\u00fa\u010de\/\u017eiarupevn\u00e9 vymurovky\/\u017eiarupevn\u00e9\/\u017eiarupevn\u00e9\/\u017eiarupevn\u00e9\/ zubn\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty\/kostn\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty\/ iskriv\u00e9 svie\u010dkov\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory\/obaly na integrovan\u00e9 obvody\/kostn\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty\/ iskriv\u00e9 svie\u010dkov\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory\/obaly na integrovan\u00e9 obvody\/kostn\u00e9\/ zubn\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty at\u010f. taven\u00edm\/rafin\u00e1ciou sa vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie keramick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, ako s\u00fa iskriv\u00e9 svie\u010dkov\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory\/proces rafin\u00e1cie...at\u010f.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk je vynikaj\u00faci materi\u00e1l na pou\u017eitie na elektrick\u00fa izol\u00e1ciu, preto\u017ee je v\u00fdnimo\u010dne mechanicky a tepelne stabiln\u00fd, odoln\u00fd vo\u010di vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m bez toho, aby podliehal kor\u00f3zii kysel\u00edn alebo z\u00e1sad, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je mimoriadne hust\u00fd, \u010do mu umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fa\u010dinne blokova\u0165 elektrick\u00e9 pr\u00fady - neocenite\u013en\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165 pri v\u00fdrobe elektroniky, preto\u017ee chr\u00e1ni citliv\u00e9 komponenty pred elektromagnetick\u00fdm ru\u0161en\u00edm (EMI).<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk sa m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 schopnos\u0165ou odol\u00e1va\u0165 vysok\u00fdm \u00farovniam \u017eiarenia, v\u010faka \u010domu je ide\u00e1lny na pou\u017eitie v zariadeniach jadrov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed a lek\u00e1rskych pr\u00edstrojoch, ako aj ako substr\u00e1t na rast kry\u0161t\u00e1lov LED.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd je ide\u00e1lnym materi\u00e1lom na v\u00fdrobu di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00fdch podlo\u017eiek na PCB. M\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tvarovan\u00fd do ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho tvaru alebo ve\u013ekosti r\u00f4znymi met\u00f3dami vr\u00e1tane jednoos\u00e9ho (lisovania), izostatick\u00e9ho lisovania, vstrekovania, vytl\u00e1\u010dania a odlievania - v\u010faka \u010domu m\u00f4\u017ee spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Kyocera vyrobi\u0165 ak\u00fako\u013evek ve\u013ekos\u0165 alebo tvar po\u017eadovan\u00fd z\u00e1kazn\u00edkmi. Vynikaj\u00faca obrobite\u013enos\u0165, odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii a tepeln\u00e1 vodivos\u0165 hlin\u00edka z neho robia lep\u0161iu alternat\u00edvu k makre; makra je v\u0161ak citliv\u00e1 na tepeln\u00e9 \u0161oky, tak\u017ee by sa mala pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 len v prostrediach, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 r\u00fdchle cykly zahrievania\/chladenia; v t\u00fdchto situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee zirk\u00f3nov\u00e1 keramika s obsahom hlin\u00edka (Shapale) poskytova\u0165 lep\u0161ie alternat\u00edvy.<\/p>\n<h2>Tepeln\u00e1 vodivos\u0165<\/h2>\n<p>Keramick\u00e1 di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e1 vlo\u017eka by mala obmedzi\u0165 prenos tepelnej energie, pri\u010dom na t\u00fato \u00falohu sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa materi\u00e1ly s n\u00edzkou tepelnou vodivos\u0165ou, ako je napr\u00edklad oxid hlinit\u00fd. Hlin\u00edk sa tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 vynikaj\u00facou odolnos\u0165ou proti kor\u00f3zii a poskytuje vynikaj\u00facu mechanick\u00fa pevnos\u0165 pre t\u00fato aplik\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd sa vyzna\u010duje line\u00e1rnou roz\u0165a\u017enos\u0165ou a vysokou rozmerovou stabilitou, v\u010faka \u010domu je ide\u00e1lny do prostredia s vysokou teplotou. Okrem toho maj\u00fa di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 prvky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho vynikaj\u00facu odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di teplotn\u00fdm \u0161okom; vydr\u017eia teplotn\u00e9 zmeny a\u017e do 1350 \u00b0C bez po\u0161kodenia tepeln\u00fdm \u0161okom; okrem toho s\u00fa odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di oxid\u00e1cii a vhodn\u00e9 na pou\u017eitie v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch s mo\u017enos\u0165ou opotrebovania.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 vlo\u017eky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na lek\u00e1rske aplik\u00e1cie. Tieto di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii ako lek\u00e1rska keramika s \u00farov\u0148ou \u010distoty a\u017e 99,8% a pri pou\u017eit\u00ed pon\u00fakaj\u00fa optim\u00e1lne v\u00fdsledky hustoty a p\u00f3rovitosti. T\u00e1to trieda oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho obsahuje a\u017e 0,5% spek\u00e1rskych pr\u00edsad, ako s\u00fa oxidy hor\u010d\u00edka a chr\u00f3mu, pre lep\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky z h\u013eadiska hustoty a p\u00f3rovitosti.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd vynik\u00e1 nielen odolnos\u0165ou proti oteru a opotrebovaniu, ale v\u010faka svojej chemickej kompatibilite je ide\u00e1lnym materi\u00e1lom pre kontakt s r\u00f4znymi l\u00e1tkami - jeho vynikaj\u00faca zm\u00e1\u010davos\u0165 prevy\u0161uje zm\u00e1\u010davos\u0165 kovov\u00fdch zliatin! Preto je oxid hlinit\u00fd vynikaj\u00facou vo\u013ebou materi\u00e1lu pre aplik\u00e1cie, ako s\u00fa povlaky, tesnenia a tesnenia.<\/p>\n<p>Izola\u010dn\u00e9 okn\u00e1 vyroben\u00e9 s hlin\u00edkov\u00fdmi di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00fdmi prvkami maj\u00fa zvy\u010dajne s\u00fa\u010dinite\u013e prestupu tepla Ug pribli\u017ene 2,8 W\/m2K; v\u00fdmenou za vhodnej\u0161ie, ako s\u00fa napr\u00edklad di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 prvky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho alebo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm ich po\u010dtu na tri vrstvy, sa m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 spotreba energie, \u010do prin\u00e1\u0161a v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u00faspory n\u00e1kladov. Pri v\u00fdrobe izola\u010dn\u00fdch okien sa zvy\u010dajne vyu\u017e\u00edvali dve vrstvy skla oddelen\u00e9 hlin\u00edkov\u00fdm di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00fdm r\u00e1m\u010dekom - ich v\u00fdmena za trojvrstvov\u00e9 okn\u00e1 s v\u00fdrazne lep\u0161\u00edmi hodnotami Ug okolo 0,8 W\/m2K by v\u0161ak mohla ma\u0165 podstatn\u00fd vplyv na celkov\u00fa spotrebu energie.<\/p>\n<p>Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Kyocera vyr\u00e1ba keramick\u00e9 di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho s v\u00fdnimo\u010dnou kombin\u00e1ciou vlastnost\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v mnoh\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, od ihiel a sp\u00e1jania keramiky s kovom a\u017e po ihly do textiln\u00fdch strojov, ktor\u00e9 odol\u00e1vaj\u00fa opotrebovaniu, ako d\u00fdzy odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di oderu, pinzety bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vo\u010di ESD na manipul\u00e1ciu s prvkami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa citliv\u00e9 na elektrostatick\u00fd rozpad, d\u00fdzy odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di oderu do textiln\u00fdch strojov a d\u00fdzy odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di oderu do textiln\u00fdch strojov a dokonca pinzety bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vo\u010di ESD na manipul\u00e1ciu s prvkami, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa jemn\u00fa manipul\u00e1ciu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 di\u0161tan\u010dn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky kolies maj\u00fa v porovnan\u00ed s oce\u013eov\u00fdmi lep\u0161\u00ed odvod tepla a s\u00fa menej n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na kor\u00f3ziu; navy\u0161e odol\u00e1vaj\u00fa [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/636","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=636"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/636\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":637,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/636\/revisions\/637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}