{"id":764,"date":"2024-07-26T15:34:25","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T07:34:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/?p=764"},"modified":"2024-07-26T15:34:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T07:34:25","slug":"what-is-alumina-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/co-je-oxid-hlinity-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je hlin\u00edk?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hlin\u00edk je tvrd\u00fd, pru\u017en\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je vysoce odoln\u00fd proti korozi a ot\u011bru. Tento b\u00edl\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek, kter\u00fd se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed Bayerov\u00fdm postupem z rudy bauxitu, sv\u00fdm vzhledem p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 kuchy\u0148skou s\u016fl nebo zrnit\u00fd cukr.<\/p>\n<p>Termoplasty vyztu\u017een\u00e9 vl\u00e1kny lze pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch aglomera\u010dn\u00edch technik a metod tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tvarovat do r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, mezi jejich\u017e vlastnosti pat\u0159\u00ed vysok\u00e1 pevnost, dobr\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost a n\u00edzk\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 vodivost.<\/p>\n<h2>Vysok\u00e1 \u010distota<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk s vysokou \u010distotou je nezbytn\u00fd p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch produkt\u016f. D\u00edky sv\u00fdm vlastnostem odol\u00e1v\u00e1 korozivn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je odoln\u00fd proti ot\u011bru, co\u017e sni\u017euje opot\u0159eben\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho je tento materi\u00e1l netoxick\u00fd, recyklovateln\u00fd a vyhovuje p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ekologick\u00fdm norm\u00e1m; jeho ochrann\u00e9 vlastnosti nav\u00edc p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed toxick\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 povlaky, jako je kadmium a nikl, a p\u0159itom poskytuj\u00ed stejnou ochranu.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd lze nal\u00e9zt ve stavebn\u00edch materi\u00e1lech, lepidlech a t\u011bsnic\u00edch materi\u00e1lech jako p\u0159\u00edsadu zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed pevnost a odolnost nebo v hadic\u00edch\/t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00edch pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed odolnosti proti od\u011bru. V\u00fdrobci pry\u017ee jej vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako zpev\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed plnivo, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje pevnost v tahu i pru\u017enost; v\u00fdrobci barev\/povlak\u016f jej pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed odolnosti proti po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed a od\u011bru.<\/p>\n<p>Vysoce \u010dist\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd (HPA) se d\u00edky sv\u00e9 pevnosti, tvrdosti, chemick\u00e9 stabilit\u011b a schopnosti propou\u0161t\u011bt UV, viditeln\u00e9 a infra\u010derven\u00e9 sv\u011btlo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako z\u00e1klad syntetick\u00e9ho saf\u00edru pro v\u00fdrobu displej\u016f chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f a pr\u00e9miov\u00fdch hodinek. HPA hraje tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamnou roli v technick\u00e9 keramice, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edz\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161enou odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a tepelnou stabilitu - kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro tyto aplikace.<\/p>\n<h2>99.9%<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mnoha elektrick\u00fdch a elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed siln\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 povlaky s dobrou chemickou a plazmovou odolnost\u00ed, dielektrickou pevnost\u00ed pro vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 aplikace a tak\u00e9 jako slo\u017eka technick\u00e9 keramiky nebo pokro\u010dil\u00e9\/technick\u00e9 keramiky.<\/p>\n<p>Ro\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 produkce oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho \u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 115 milion\u016f tun, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 90% se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b kovov\u00e9ho hlin\u00edku. Zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed se tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, keramiky a le\u0161tic\u00edch a brusn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, jako\u017e i jako pojivo a zpomalova\u010d ho\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Bauxitov\u00e1 ruda je prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem v\u00fdroby oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd se t\u011b\u017e\u00ed ze zem\u011b a rafinuje na rafinovan\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd, kter\u00fd se p\u0159epravuje do hlin\u00edk\u00e1ren k elektrol\u00fdze na v\u00fdrobu kovov\u00e9ho hlin\u00edku. Zbyl\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd se pak kalcinuje pro v\u00fdrobu keramiky - izol\u00e1tory zapalovac\u00edch sv\u00ed\u010dek, zubn\u00ed implant\u00e1ty, laboratorn\u00ed n\u00e1dob\u00ed a v\u00fdroba zrnitosti smirkov\u00e9ho pap\u00edru, to v\u0161e vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tuto univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tku; n\u011bkter\u00e9 dokonce odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, stejn\u011b jako korozi, kyselosti nebo kysel\u00fdm de\u0161\u0165\u016fm! Keramika z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho vykazuje tak\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed teplotn\u00ed odolnost.<\/p>\n<h2>94%<\/h2>\n<p>A\u010dkoli se v\u011bt\u0161ina celosv\u011btov\u00e9 produkce oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k taven\u00ed kovov\u00e9ho hlin\u00edku, existuje tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd trh se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi druhy oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho v keramice, jako jsou \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a izol\u00e1tory, le\u0161tic\u00ed podlo\u017eky, brusiva a le\u0161tidla. Krom\u011b toho jej ve sv\u00e9 konstrukci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 komponenty odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di plazmatu jako podp\u016frn\u00fd materi\u00e1l katalyz\u00e1tor\u016f - a v\u0161echny druhy oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho jsou dostupn\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Vysoce \u010dist\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed kombinaci mechanick\u00fdch, tepeln\u00fdch a elektrick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, d\u00edky nim\u017e je vhodn\u00fd pro aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vysokou pevnost, jako jsou trysky a veden\u00ed proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, krevn\u00ed ventily a pouzdra elektrick\u00fdch konektor\u016f. Krom\u011b toho je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 odolnosti a odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed vhodn\u00fd pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty a aplikace v nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ebou bauxitu v povrchov\u00fdch dolech v r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch sv\u011bta. Po vyt\u011b\u017een\u00ed se tato ruda rozdrt\u00ed, sm\u00edch\u00e1 se s kaustickou sodou v procesu chemick\u00e9ho rozkladu a zasype se, aby se vysr\u00e1\u017eely krystalky hydroxidu hlinit\u00e9ho zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako gibbsit; pot\u00e9 se zah\u0159eje, aby se odvedla p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e1 vlhkost, a vznikne kalcinovan\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd (Al2O3); jin\u00e9 druhy lze tak\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bt chemick\u00fdmi reakcemi za \u00fa\u010dasti uhl\u00edku, dus\u00edku, s\u00edry nebo fosforu p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h2>99%<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk je hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou pou\u017e\u00edvanou v \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch pec\u00edch. Krom\u011b toho lze oxid hlinit\u00fd nal\u00e9zt tak\u00e9 v mnoha s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch stroj\u00edrensk\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stech, v\u010detn\u011b strojn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f, h\u0159\u00eddelov\u00fdch lo\u017eisek pra\u010dek a vodn\u00edch \u010derpadel, radli\u010dek pronikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u016fdou u zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch stroj\u016f, p\u0159evod\u016f\/vod\u00edtek a veden\u00ed hodinek a magnetofon\u016f a tak\u00e9 rota\u010dn\u00edch t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed v automobilov\u00fdch motorech.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdm pom\u011brem pevnosti a hmotnosti a odol\u00e1v\u00e1 chemick\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm, ani\u017e by podl\u00e9hal korozi, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro ochrann\u00e9 panc\u00ed\u0159e vojensk\u00fdch vozidel a konstrukc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed palb\u011b z ru\u010dn\u00edch zbran\u00ed a st\u0159el\u00e1m z d\u011bl st\u0159edn\u00ed r\u00e1\u017ee. Hlin\u00edk tak\u00e9 dob\u0159e slou\u017e\u00ed v polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch komor\u00e1ch a p\u0159\u00edpravc\u00edch, proto\u017ee odol\u00e1v\u00e1 teplot\u00e1m lept\u00e1n\u00ed\/depozice, ani\u017e by vylu\u010doval \u010d\u00e1stice nebo se stal por\u00e9zn\u00edm, a tak\u00e9 ve vojensk\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 proti n\u011bmu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed st\u0159elbu z ru\u010dn\u00edch zbran\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdroby lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed. P\u0159i jeho v\u00fdrob\u011b v\u0161ak vznikaj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 emise oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba sn\u00ed\u017eit; za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem pr\u016fmysl zkoum\u00e1 zp\u016fsoby, jak p\u0159i jeho v\u00fdrob\u011b m\u00edsto uhl\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat palivov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky nebo obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie, co\u017e je snaha n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed emise je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce sn\u00ed\u017eit.<\/p>\n<h2>Mikrojemn\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk je inertn\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l bez z\u00e1pachu, kter\u00fd se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho (Al2O3), jen\u017e se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b vyskytuje bu\u010f jako krystaly korundu, nebo jako hlavn\u00ed zdroj hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 rudy bauxit. Hlin\u00edk nach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota a zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti - hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b mnoha kov\u016f a slitin pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd den - od automobil\u016f po l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit mnoha odli\u0161n\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, d\u00edky nim\u017e je vhodn\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. Jeho extr\u00e9mn\u00ed tvrdost (9 na Mohsov\u011b stupnici) a vysok\u00e1 odolnost proti korozi \u010din\u00ed korundovou keramiku \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou, zat\u00edmco jeho vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tepeln\u00e1 stabilita, n\u00edzk\u00fd dielektrick\u00fd ztr\u00e1tov\u00fd tangens, n\u00edzk\u00e1 dielektrick\u00e1 ztr\u00e1tov\u00e1 tangens, tuhost, tepeln\u00e1 stabilita, tepeln\u00e1 vodivost a tak\u00e9 vlastnosti extr\u00e9mn\u00edho tepeln\u00e9ho izolantu \u010din\u00ed korund ide\u00e1ln\u00ed i pro dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed v mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvarech, velikostech a t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jeho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed na keramiku bu\u010f aglomera\u010dn\u00edmi technikami, nebo metodami tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je kalcinace nebo slinov\u00e1n\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho lze keramiku vyr\u00e1b\u011bt tak\u00e9 vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm, ale tento proces vy\u017eaduje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kontrolu ze strany technik\u016f, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo v\u00fdrob\u011b kone\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat vady, je\u017e nelze snadno identifikovat p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e dojde k odv\u00e1pn\u011bn\u00ed a sp\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Vysok\u00e1 teplota<\/h2>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd (Al2O3) je modern\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pro vysokoteplotn\u00ed aplikace, kter\u00fd poskytuje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti ot\u011bru, chemickou inertnost a vlastnosti elektrick\u00e9ho izolantu, d\u00edky nim\u017e je neocenitelnou volbou v mnoha procesech. Hlin\u00edk je schopen odol\u00e1vat teplot\u00e1m a\u017e 1700 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia, d\u00edky hustot\u011b materi\u00e1lu je hust\u011b zabalen bez mezer a m\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b n\u00edzkou m\u00edru rozta\u017enosti, tak\u017ee je vhodn\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd lze z\u00edskat bu\u010f Bayerov\u00fdm procesem, nebo metodami v\u00fdroby kalcinovan\u00e9ho j\u00edlu a pou\u017e\u00edvat jej v keramice, technick\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch a v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch. Existuje \u0159ada konsolida\u010dn\u00edch a sp\u00e9kac\u00edch technik pro v\u00fdrobu tohoto materi\u00e1lu do r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f a velikost\u00ed pro aplikace, jako jsou vysokoteplotn\u00ed aplikace.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd 94% je vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l s vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmi mechanick\u00fdmi, tepeln\u00fdmi a elektrick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. Vyzna\u010duje se n\u00edzkou m\u00edrou tvorby \u010d\u00e1stic, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vakuov\u011b t\u011bsn\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v keramicko-kovov\u00fdch pr\u016fchodk\u00e1ch, pr\u016fchodk\u00e1ch pro rentgenov\u00e9 komponenty a vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch pouzdrech.<\/p>\n<h2>Vysok\u00e1 pevnost<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk je technick\u00e1 keramika s v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdmi mechanick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmi elektrick\u00fdmi, tepeln\u00fdmi a chemick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. M\u00e1 vysokou pevnost v tahu a tlaku a odol\u00e1v\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u00edm teplot\u00e1m a tlak\u016fm, ani\u017e by pod tlakem praskal; nav\u00edc m\u00e1 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed elektroizola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 zabra\u0148uj\u00ed pr\u016ftoku proudu. Hlin\u00edk nach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, obran\u011b a letectv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Kalen\u00e1 ocel m\u00e1 d\u00edky sv\u00e9 tvrdosti vysokou odolnost proti ot\u011bru, tak\u017ee je odoln\u00e1 proti korozi a opot\u0159eben\u00ed v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Krom\u011b toho je inertn\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee neinteraguje s chemik\u00e1liemi, jako jsou louhy a kyseliny, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je tento materi\u00e1l dlouhodob\u011b odoln\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Vysoce \u010dist\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobu komponent, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu a spolehlivost, jako jsou laserov\u00e9 komponenty. P\u0159i pota\u017een\u00ed kovem vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vysoce odoln\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory s vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost\u00ed proti od\u011bru, kter\u00e9 jsou rovn\u011b\u017e kompatibiln\u00ed s rentgenov\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm a vhodn\u00e9 pro vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 pouzdra. V pr\u016fmyslu se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro takov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, jako jsou laserov\u00e9 komponenty, syst\u00e9my m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pr\u016ftoku a senzory, a je tak\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed volbou pro pr\u016fchodky z keramiky na kov, pr\u016fchodky pro rentgenov\u00e9 komponenty a vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 pouzdra - vysoce \u010dist\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed volbou materi\u00e1lu!<\/p>\n<h2>Vysok\u00e1 odrazivost<\/h2>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd vykazuje vysokou odrazivost od bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho UV a\u017e po st\u0159edn\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9 spektrum d\u00edky velmi vysok\u00e9mu koeficientu rozptylu oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. Bohu\u017eel v\u0161ak jeho odrazivost nelze zcela zv\u00fd\u0161it, proto\u017ee ji ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 faktory - nap\u0159\u00edklad pota\u017een\u00ed oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho dielektrick\u00fdm povlakem m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it jeho bari\u00e9rov\u00e9 vlastnosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zv\u00fd\u0161it odolnost proti ot\u011bru a zlep\u0161it manipula\u010dn\u00ed a \u010distic\u00ed vlastnosti.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 su\u0161en\u00edm rozdrcen\u00e9ho a promyt\u00e9ho bauxitu, jeho rozpou\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm v kaustick\u00e9 sod\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 suspenze, kter\u00e1 se filtruje, aby se odstranily ne\u010distoty, a pot\u00e9 se p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed do sr\u00e1\u017eec\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, kde vznik\u00e1 pevn\u00fd hydroxid hlinit\u00fd (Al2O3), kter\u00fd se elektrol\u00fdzou d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 na kovov\u00fd hlin\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p>Hlinit\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd se \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b keramick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, jako jsou izol\u00e1tory zapalovac\u00edch sv\u00ed\u010dek, obaly integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f, kochle\u00e1rn\u00ed implant\u00e1ty, laboratorn\u00ed n\u00e1dob\u00ed, brusn\u00e9 pap\u00edry a brusn\u00e9 kotou\u010de, jako\u017e i \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 vyzd\u00edvky pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pec\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00edm je t\u011blesn\u00e9 brn\u011bn\u00ed vyroben\u00e9 z tohoto materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hlin\u00edk je tvrd\u00fd, pru\u017en\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je vysoce odoln\u00fd proti korozi a ot\u011bru. Vyr\u00e1b\u00ed se Bayerov\u00fdm procesem z [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=764"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":765,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/764\/revisions\/765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=764"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}