{"id":677,"date":"2024-06-27T12:31:05","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T04:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/?p=677"},"modified":"2024-06-27T12:31:07","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T04:31:07","slug":"what-is-alumina-al2o3-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/co-je-oxid-hlinity-al2o3-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je oxid hlinit\u00fd (Al2O3)?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hlin\u00edk (Al2O3) je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017ekou pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 keramiky. D\u00edky vysok\u00e9 tvrdosti a odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, jako\u017e i toleranci v\u016f\u010di hork\u00e9mu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a korozi se oxid hlinit\u00fd hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k le\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed saf\u00edr\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch drahokam\u016f, jako jsou rub\u00edny, smaragdy a diamanty.<\/p>\n<p>\u017d\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi technikami konsolidace a slinov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vlastnosti tohoto \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u010distot\u011b pr\u00e1\u0161ku a velikosti zrn po vyp\u00e1len\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Tvrdost<\/h2>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 tvrdosti, tepeln\u00fdm vlastnostem a mechanick\u00e9 pevnosti ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed. D\u00edky t\u011bmto vlastnostem je oxid hlinit\u00fd vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stkou pro aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed nebo odolnost proti ot\u011bru - na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b po diamantu, pokud jde o stupnici tvrdosti! HRA80-90 ozna\u010duje jeho pozici na stupnici tvrdosti, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e je tato sou\u010d\u00e1stka mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odoln\u00e1 i p\u0159i opakovan\u00fdch n\u00e1razech za vysok\u00fdch tlak\u016f a teplot.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd se obvykle z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 z bauxitov\u00e9 rudy, kter\u00e1 obsahuje ne\u010distoty, jako je oxid \u017eelezit\u00fd (Fe2O3) a oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd (SiO2). Ne\u010distoty v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ruvzdornost kone\u010dn\u00e9ho produktu, a proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt b\u011bhem extrakce a rafinace odstran\u011bny. Vysoce kvalitn\u00ed oxid hlinit\u00fd m\u00e1 n\u00edzkou \u00farove\u0148 p\u00f3rovitosti a vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl polykrystalick\u00e9ho Al2O3, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k jeho pozoruhodn\u00e9 tvrdosti.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk se vyzna\u010duje vysokou \u017e\u00e1ruvzdornost\u00ed, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e je vysoce odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di chemick\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm a korozi. Krom\u011b toho se tento materi\u00e1l vyzna\u010duje vysokou pevnost\u00ed v tlaku - ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobu d\u00edl\u016f se slo\u017eitou geometri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat siln\u00fdm tlak\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Keramick\u00e9 polymery, jako je zirkon, se \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 keramice, \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a dal\u0161\u00edch keramick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou tvrdost a trvanlivost. Keramick\u00e9 polymery odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edm teplot\u00e1m, ani\u017e by podlehly po\u0161kozen\u00ed, co\u017e z nich \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro povlaky ur\u010den\u00e9 k odol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed teplu a korozi.<\/p>\n<p>Z keramiky oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho lze vyr\u00e1b\u011bt celou \u0159adu technick\u00fdch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, od sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f tlaku pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pr\u016ftoku kapalin a\u017e po opot\u0159ebiteln\u00e9\/bari\u00e9rov\u00e9 povlaky pro rozpra\u0161ovac\u00ed ter\u010de, sou\u010d\u00e1stky elektronov\u00fdch trubic, laserov\u00e9 komponenty a sva\u0159ovac\u00ed trysky. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnosti proti ot\u011bru z n\u00ed lze vyrobit skv\u011bl\u00e9 sva\u0159ovac\u00ed trysky, odleh\u010dovac\u00ed kuli\u010dky a tepeln\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory v metalurgick\u00fdch\/chemick\u00fdch procesech, stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 sva\u0159ovac\u00ed trysky, odleh\u010dovac\u00ed kuli\u010dky, tepeln\u00e9 izol\u00e1tory pro tyto procesy, stejn\u011b jako vlastnosti tepeln\u00fdch izol\u00e1tor\u016f, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed volbu p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b keramick\u00fdch pr\u016fchodek mezi kovy\/pr\u016fchodek pro rentgenov\u00e9 komponenty\/vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 pouzdra atd.<\/p>\n<h2>Odolnost proti od\u011bru<\/h2>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd je extr\u00e9mn\u011b tvrd\u00fd \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fd materi\u00e1l s vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost\u00ed proti ot\u011bru a opot\u0159eben\u00ed. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch aplikac\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b brusiv, cementov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, ve stavebnictv\u00ed jako n\u00e1hrada p\u00edsku a tak\u00e9 v alternativn\u00edch nanovl\u00e1kenn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, jako je keramick\u00e9 oblo\u017een\u00ed potrub\u00ed, kter\u00e9 poskytuje v\u00fdjime\u010dnou ochranu proti ot\u011bru a korozi. Lze jej nal\u00e9zt v r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch - v\u010detn\u011b nanovl\u00e1ken z bauxitu nebo oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho - a tak\u00e9 jako ned\u00edlnou slo\u017eku pou\u017e\u00edvanou pro n\u00e1t\u011bry potrub\u00ed, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed ochranu.<\/p>\n<p>Bauxit je p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed ruda miner\u00e1l\u016f hydroxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z r\u016fzn\u00e9ho pom\u011bru oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho, oxidu \u017eelezit\u00e9ho, titanu a miner\u00e1l\u016f hlinitok\u0159emi\u010ditanu. Bauxit lze rafinovat Bayerov\u00fdm procesem na oxid hlinit\u00fd, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 d\u00edky sv\u00fdm vlastnostem, jako je n\u00edzk\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 vodivost, odolnost v\u016f\u010di chemick\u00fdm vliv\u016fm, vysok\u00e1 pevnost a extr\u00e9mn\u00ed tvrdost (9. stupe\u0148 Mohsovy stupnice), \u010detn\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Bauxity jsou ji\u017e dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za jeden z neju\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1947 onemocn\u011blo 23 d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v rafinerii bauxitu Shaverov\u00fdm syndromem v d\u016fsledku expozice jemn\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edm oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 se mohly vdechnout do plic a zp\u016fsobily jim du\u0161nost, ka\u0161el, bolest na hrudi a nenodul\u00e1rn\u00ed fibr\u00f3zu plic - ozna\u010dovanou tak\u00e9 jako alumin\u00e1tov\u00e1 plicn\u00ed fibr\u00f3za.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk lze tavit p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch nad 1850 \u00b0C a odl\u00e9vat do velmi slo\u017eit\u00fdch forem. Karbid k\u0159em\u00edku v\u00e1zan\u00fd oxidem hlinit\u00fdm poskytuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pevnost a trvanlivost ne\u017e jin\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly v\u00e1zan\u00e9 karbidem k\u0159em\u00edku; odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed je dobr\u00e1, zat\u00edmco tvrdost tomu neodpov\u00edd\u00e1. Pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m s ho\u0159lavost\u00ed, ale jejich prach m\u016f\u017ee na vzduchu tvo\u0159it v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e9 sm\u011bsi.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd je obecn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00fd pro kosmetick\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed a m\u00e1 n\u00edzkou komedogenitu, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee neucp\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u00f3ry a nezp\u016fsobuje akn\u00e9. Vegansk\u00e9 a halal certifikovan\u00e9 slo\u017eky, jako je Alumina, by m\u011bly b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 p\u0159edem otestov\u00e1ny na vzorc\u00edch poko\u017eky, aby se zajistilo, \u017ee nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k alergi\u00edm; to je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i aplikaci p\u0159\u00edmo na citlivou poko\u017eku.<\/p>\n<h2>Odolnost v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u00e1m a z\u00e1sad\u00e1m<\/h2>\n<p>\u010cist\u00e9 formy oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho poskytuj\u00ed ochranu p\u0159ed kysel\u00fdm i z\u00e1sadit\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm d\u00edky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9mu oxidov\u00e9mu filmu, kter\u00fd za b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch podm\u00ednek nedegraduje a p\u0159irozen\u011b se s\u00e1m obnovuje - to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 od\u0159en\u00ed nebo mechanick\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed se rychle oprav\u00ed. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti odol\u00e1vat oxida\u010dn\u00edmu i reduk\u010dn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed je oxid hlinit\u00fd atraktivn\u00ed volbou materi\u00e1lu pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v petrochemick\u00fdch procesech, jako je autotermick\u00fd reforming.<\/p>\n<p>Korozn\u00ed odolnost oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho se zvy\u0161uje s jeho \u010distotou. Keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l s vysokou \u010distotou oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho m\u00e1 nejen siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti, ale m\u016f\u017ee se pochlubit i lep\u0161\u00ed odolnost\u00ed proti korozi ze v\u0161ech forem oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. Keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly s vysokou \u010distotou oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho jako takov\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161enou odolnost proti korozi ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161emi ostatn\u00edmi typy. Tyto keramick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v aplikac\u00edch vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch vysok\u00e9 teploty, jako jsou vyzd\u00edvky hutn\u00edch pec\u00ed nebo vyzd\u00edvky pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pec\u00ed; nav\u00edc lze tuto t\u0159\u00eddu korundov\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f vyrobit do r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f nebo velikost\u00ed podle individu\u00e1ln\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f z\u00e1kazn\u00edka.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00edzk\u00e1 rozpustnost oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho v kyselin\u00e1ch - konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v hork\u00e9 kyselin\u011b s\u00edrov\u00e9 a chlorovod\u00edkov\u00e9 - a v z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro vyzd\u00edvky pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch pec\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed aplikace p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed chemik\u00e1li\u00ed za vysok\u00fdch teplot.<\/p>\n<p>Tento typ \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu se proto stal jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v petrochemick\u00fdch z\u00e1vodech a rafineri\u00edch a hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b synt\u00e9zn\u00edho plynu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm parci\u00e1ln\u00ed oxidace a katalytick\u00e9ho reformingu. Vysok\u00e1 \u010distota keramick\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho jej \u010din\u00ed vhodn\u00fdm i pro tyto aplikace, proto\u017ee bez degradace odol\u00e1v\u00e1 oxida\u010dn\u00ed i reduk\u010dn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a velmi vysok\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>\u017d\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly vyroben\u00e9 z vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho keramick\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di vod\u00edkov\u00e9 korozi. Hlin\u00edkov\u00e1 keramika je materi\u00e1lem volby pro autotermick\u00e9 reformovac\u00ed reakce v petrochemick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch; jedn\u00e1 se o \u0159adu termochemick\u00fdch a termomechanick\u00fdch proces\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k v\u00fdrob\u011b synt\u00e9zn\u00edho plynu z \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 oxidace a reformov\u00e1n\u00ed uhlovod\u00edk\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jej\u00ed inertnost pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zabr\u00e1nit ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm reduk\u010dn\u00edm reakc\u00edm a vedlej\u0161\u00edm produkt\u016fm, kter\u00e9 by mohly v takov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch vznikat.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b keramiky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho se do roztaven\u00e9ho kovu mohou p\u0159id\u00e1vat p\u0159\u00edsady, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00ed jeho v\u00fdkon a vlastnosti. Mezi takov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsady pat\u0159\u00ed chrom, titan a zirkonium, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed jeho krystalovou strukturu, co\u017e vede ke vzniku takov\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd, jako je oxid hlinit\u00fd 75%.<\/p>\n<h2>Hustota<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk je m\u011bkk\u00fd a z\u00e1rove\u0148 pevn\u00fd kov, kter\u00fd lze snadno tvarovat do r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f, a d\u00edky sv\u00e9 lehkosti je obl\u00edben\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem p\u0159i stavb\u011b letadel. Hlin\u00edk je tak\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm vodi\u010dem tepla a elekt\u0159iny, tak\u017ee se m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvat v mnoha elektrick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1ch v\u010detn\u011b vodi\u010d\u016f a kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f. Hlin\u00edk tak\u00e9 vynik\u00e1 odolnost\u00ed proti korozi, proto\u017ee na sv\u00e9m povrchu vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vrstvu oxidu, kter\u00e1 jej chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed vzduchem a vlhkost\u00ed, chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed koroz\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 udr\u017euje kov co nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed a nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd je vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed izolant a lze jej pou\u017e\u00edt k izolaci vysokoteplotn\u00edch pec\u00ed. Je k dispozici ve form\u011b blan, desek, cihel a sypk\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken pro r\u016fzn\u00e1 pou\u017eit\u00ed - obl\u00edben\u00e9 jsou blankov\u00e9 desky - Hlin\u00edk je tak\u00e9 skv\u011bl\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem pro le\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed drah\u00fdch kamen\u016f; krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sm\u00edch\u00e1n s jin\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly k v\u00fdrob\u011b ot\u011bruvzdorn\u00fdch povlak\u016f pro textiln\u00ed veden\u00ed, p\u00edsty \u010derpadel, vyzd\u00edvky \u017elab\u016f, v\u00fdpustn\u00e9 otvory, matrice, lo\u017eiska atd.<\/p>\n<p>Bioinertn\u00ed keramika pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny bioinertn\u00ed keramiky a vyzna\u010duje se vysokou odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di kyselin\u00e1m a louh\u016fm i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm teplot\u00e1m, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k prodlou\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotnosti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a \u017eivotnosti sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho se tento materi\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed trvanlivost\u00ed s vysokou tuhost\u00ed, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e je odoln\u00fd proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm n\u00e1raz\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit vysok\u00fdm pom\u011brem plochy povrchu k hmotnosti, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed vysou\u0161edlo a filtr fluoridu, arsenu a selenu v pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b. Jeho por\u00e9zn\u00ed struktura nav\u00edc pom\u00e1h\u00e1 absorbovat peroxid vod\u00edku i vysou\u0161ec\u00ed l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho (Al2O3), kter\u00fd m\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed jako saf\u00edry a rub\u00edny, ale bez jejich barevn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed. Hlin\u00edk je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odoln\u00fd tvrd\u00fd materi\u00e1l s n\u00edzk\u00fdm bodem t\u00e1n\u00ed a vysok\u00fdm bodem varu, kter\u00fd se snadno tvaruje do tvar\u016f vhodn\u00fdch pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace, jako jsou textiln\u00ed vod\u00edtka, p\u00edsty \u010derpadel, \u017elabov\u00e9 a v\u00fdtla\u010dn\u00e9 otvory a z\u00e1pustky pro pou\u017eit\u00ed proti podm\u00ednk\u00e1m souvisej\u00edc\u00edm s opot\u0159eben\u00edm, nap\u0159\u00edklad textiln\u00ed vod\u00edtka v textiln\u00edch tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch; p\u00edsty \u010derpadel pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k provozu pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch \u010derpadel; textiln\u00ed vod\u00edtka p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00e1 uvnit\u0159 pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch \u010derpadel ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch z\u00e1vodech k ochran\u011b m\u00edst s vysok\u00fdm opot\u0159eben\u00edm p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm; dla\u017edice vyroben\u00e9 z hlin\u00edkov\u00fdch dla\u017edic mohou dokonce zabr\u00e1nit dal\u0161\u00edmu po\u0161kozen\u00ed m\u00edst s vysok\u00fdm opot\u0159eben\u00edm - to \u010din\u00ed z hlin\u00edku mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b cennou komoditu, kterou nen\u00ed radno podce\u0148ovat!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hlin\u00edk (Al2O3) je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017ekou pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 keramiky. D\u00edky vysok\u00e9 tvrdosti a odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed, jako\u017e i toleranci v\u016f\u010di [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=677"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":678,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/677\/revisions\/678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}