{"id":642,"date":"2024-06-10T16:02:57","date_gmt":"2024-06-10T08:02:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/?p=642"},"modified":"2024-06-10T16:02:58","modified_gmt":"2024-06-10T08:02:58","slug":"alumina-glass","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/korundove-sklo\/","title":{"rendered":"Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 sklo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 sklo je extr\u00e9mn\u011b chemicky a tepeln\u011b odoln\u00fd sklen\u011bn\u00fd materi\u00e1l s vysokou pevnost\u00ed, n\u00edzkou elektrickou vodivost\u00ed a extr\u00e9mn\u00ed tvrdost\u00ed (9. stupe\u0148 Mohsovy stupnice). Hlin\u00edk se \u010dasto vyskytuje jako sou\u010d\u00e1st slo\u017een\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch keramick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, jako jsou p\u0159\u00edstroje pro no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed nebo tepeln\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 ku\u017eely st\u0159el.<\/p>\n<h2>Je vyroben z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho<\/h2>\n<p>Oxid hlinit\u00fd je extr\u00e9mn\u011b tvrd\u00fd materi\u00e1l, tvrdost\u00ed se \u0159ad\u00ed na druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto za diamant. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti je oxid hlinit\u00fd vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsadou p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b skla a keramiky, zejm\u00e9na technick\u00e9 nebo pokro\u010dil\u00e9 keramiky ur\u010den\u00e9 do n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti tlaku a opot\u0159eben\u00ed. Hlin\u00edk lze tak\u00e9 kombinovat s dal\u0161\u00edmi materi\u00e1ly a vyr\u00e1b\u011bt z n\u011bj r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a keramick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed studie zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed odolnosti oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. Zkou\u0161eli ho m\u00edchat s oxidy kov\u016f, jako jsou oxidy wolframu a skandia, aby mu dodali pevnost a ta\u017enost; nakonec vytvo\u0159ili zcela nov\u00fd typ skla, kter\u00fd se uk\u00e1zal jako chemicky odoln\u00fd a z\u00e1rove\u0148 odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm - d\u00edky tomu je vhodn\u00fd pro panc\u00e9\u0159ov\u00e1 okna, p\u0159\u00edstroje pro no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed a tepeln\u011b nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 ku\u017eely na p\u0159\u00eddi st\u0159el.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee sklo z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho lze vyr\u00e1b\u011bt podobn\u00fdmi technikami jako tradi\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e1 skla, ale m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed plasticitu, proto\u017ee je to amorfn\u00ed materi\u00e1l s mezerami v atom\u00e1rn\u00ed struktu\u0159e, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rozptyl energie pohybem bez prask\u00e1n\u00ed; tradi\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00e1 skla jsou naopak k\u0159ehk\u00e1, proto\u017ee jejich atomy se nemohou pod nap\u011bt\u00edm voln\u011b pohybovat a m\u00edsto toho se rozpadaj\u00ed na \u00falomky.<\/p>\n<p>V r\u00e1mci v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu se pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd granuluje rozpra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm polyvinylalkoholu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 zelen\u00e9 t\u011bleso, kter\u00e9 lze n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159em\u011bnit na r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy skla a keramiky. Granule pak proch\u00e1zej\u00ed tepelnou \u00fapravou bu\u010f such\u00fdm lisov\u00e1n\u00edm, nebo vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm a mohou b\u00fdt d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1ny brou\u0161en\u00edm a lisov\u00e1n\u00edm pro dal\u0161\u00ed stupn\u011b zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ne\u017e jsou nakonec podrobeny \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje tvrdost a hou\u017eevnatost v\u00fdrobk\u016f z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk je st\u00e1le obl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsadou p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b skla d\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti zvy\u0161ovat mechanickou pevnost a odolnost proti tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 nerozpustnosti nav\u00edc nezp\u016fsobuje kysel\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a d\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed je vhodn\u00fd pro n\u00e1doby nebo vysoce intenzivn\u00ed v\u00fdbojky.<\/p>\n<h2>Je k\u0159ehk\u00e1<\/h2>\n<p>Sklo je notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou k\u0159ehkost\u00ed, proto\u017ee jeho mechanick\u00e1 energie se p\u0159i deformaci nem\u016f\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b rozpt\u00fdlit, ale soust\u0159ed\u00ed se na mikroskopick\u00e9 defekty a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00ed koncentrace nap\u011bt\u00ed a ostr\u00e9 trhliny, kter\u00e9 se rychle \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed a vedou k rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Sklo s obsahem oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho nab\u00edz\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee otupuje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hrot\u016f trhlin p\u0159i jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e sni\u017euje pravd\u011bpodobnost jejich prasknut\u00ed a v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku vede k lep\u0161\u00ed pevnosti skla a odolnosti proti rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk m\u00e1 mnoho \u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed \u017e\u00e1danou sou\u010d\u00e1st p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b skla, v\u010detn\u011b jeho tv\u00e1rnosti. Oxid hlinit\u00fd zvy\u0161uje pevnost v tahu, povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a lesk a tak\u00e9 prodlu\u017euje pracovn\u00ed rozsah, sni\u017euje devitrifika\u010dn\u00ed tendence a zvy\u0161uje odolnost v\u016f\u010di p\u016fsoben\u00ed kyselin. Krom\u011b toho se vyzna\u010duje n\u00edzk\u00fdm tlakem par, rychlost\u00ed expanze a ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s alternativn\u00edmi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly je relativn\u011b prost\u00fd ne\u010distot.<\/p>\n<p>A\u010dkoli je p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho do skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00e9, pro jeho \u010detn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody se vyplat\u00ed. Proto\u017ee je v\u0161ak oxid hlinit\u00fd v k\u0159emi\u010ditanov\u00fdch sklech nerozpustn\u00fd, mus\u00ed se obvykle p\u0159id\u00e1vat jako zdroj alk\u00e1li\u00ed do sodno-silik\u00e1tov\u00fdch (SLS) a borosilik\u00e1tov\u00fdch skel jako zdroj alk\u00e1li\u00ed pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty t\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zlep\u0161en\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed suspenze, jako je kontrola adheze smr\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed suspenze, a tak\u00e9 pomoc p\u0159i sp\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e1 keramika, kter\u00e1 je vysoce tepeln\u011b a chemicky odoln\u00fdm izola\u010dn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem, m\u00e1 \u0159adu aplikac\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech - nap\u0159\u00edklad v optick\u00fdch \u010do\u010dk\u00e1ch a oknech, p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch pro no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed, ku\u017eel\u00edch na p\u0159\u00eddi tepeln\u011b nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch st\u0159el a v nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest\u00e1ch s podkladem z UHMWPE, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou balistickou ochranu p\u0159ed hrozbami ze st\u0159eln\u00fdch zbran\u00ed. Hlin\u00edkov\u00e1 keramika hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli tak\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch konstrukc\u00edch nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch vest; jej\u00ed kombinace s podkladem z aramidov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken nab\u00edz\u00ed dostate\u010dnou balistickou ochranu.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edk lze vyu\u017e\u00edt v mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, keramiky a brusiva. Oxid hlinit\u00fd je jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bji vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch forem oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b - ro\u010dn\u011b se ho vyrob\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 115 milion\u016f tun. Oxid hlinit\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako surovina v mnoha metalurgick\u00fdch procesech i pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdroby maziv le\u0161tic\u00edch sm\u011bs\u00ed a v\u00fdroby skla.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci z Technick\u00e9 univerzity v Tampere ve Finsku \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b syntetizovali mikroskopick\u00e9 filmy oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 jsou vysoce flexibiln\u00ed a p\u0159ed p\u0159etr\u017een\u00edm se rozt\u00e1hnou a\u017e o 8%. Tato hodnota p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 hranici rozta\u017eitelnosti oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho 2-2% a dokazuje, \u017ee oxid hlinit\u00fd je podstatn\u011b tv\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo.<\/p>\n<h2>Je tv\u00e1rn\u00fd<\/h2>\n<p>V kontrastu s k\u0159ehkost\u00ed k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho skla se korundov\u00e9 sklo vyzna\u010duje vysokou tv\u00e1rnost\u00ed. To lze p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentraci oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho, d\u00edky kter\u00e9 je pru\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho je d\u00edky ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplot\u011b t\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e u oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho pr\u00e1ce s n\u00edm jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho do r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdroby skla.<\/p>\n<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 sklo m\u00e1 mnohostrann\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v leteck\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a sklokeramice. M\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9ho koeficientu rozta\u017enosti a vysok\u00e9 pevnosti v tahu, dobr\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 odolnosti, extr\u00e9mn\u00ed tvrdosti, optick\u00e9 pr\u016fhlednosti a n\u00edzk\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 vodivosti - d\u00edky t\u011bmto vlastnostem se tento materi\u00e1l s oblibou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v oknech letadel\/\u010deln\u00edch sklech automobil\u016f\/za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pro no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed\/nosn\u00fdch ku\u017eel\u00edch tepeln\u011b nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch st\u0159el.<\/p>\n<p>Sklo lze zpracov\u00e1vat do mnoha v\u00fdrobk\u016f, od n\u00e1dob a lahv\u00ed a\u017e po izol\u00e1tory a tenk\u00e9 vrstvy. Lze ho tak\u00e9 tavit a vytv\u00e1\u0159et z n\u011bj tlust\u00e9 desky nebo tenk\u00e9 vrstvy, a dokonce i foukat do trubek pro optick\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky. Hlin\u00edk nach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako sou\u010d\u00e1st keramick\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch nebo le\u0161t\u00edc\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako brusn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka nebo dokonce jako zpomalova\u010d ho\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdroba skla je slo\u017eit\u00fd proces. P\u0159\u00edsady je t\u0159eba pe\u010dliv\u011b vyb\u00edrat, aby vznikla ide\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u011bs \u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch a ne\u017e\u00e1ruvzdorn\u00fdch slo\u017eek. P\u00edsek pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd k v\u00fdrob\u011b skla mus\u00ed obsahovat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed procento ho\u0159\u010d\u00edku, oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho, titanu nebo zinku. Alk\u00e1lie a soda mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 ve vhodn\u00e9m pom\u011bru, proto\u017ee tyto p\u0159\u00eddavky mohou ovlivnit teplotu t\u00e1n\u00ed a viskozitu; v d\u016fsledku toho ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed jeho tv\u00e1rnost.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci se kdysi domn\u00edvali, \u017ee chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed skla ur\u010duje, zda bude k\u0159ehk\u00e9 nebo tv\u00e1rn\u00e9, av\u0161ak ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 experimenty prok\u00e1zaly opak. Podle Erkky Frankberga z Technick\u00e9 univerzity v Tampere ve Finsku a jeho koleg\u016f hraje rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli struktura. Zjistili, \u017ee sklo z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pru\u017en\u00e9 i p\u0159i neomezen\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed; toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed by mohlo v\u011bdc\u016fm pomoci p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pru\u017en\u00fdch skel, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159i n\u00e1razu nerozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Je amorfn\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 sklo je amorfn\u00ed typ skla vytvo\u0159en\u00fd z hlinitok\u0159emi\u010ditan\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch oxid hlinit\u00fd. Hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 sklo je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b hou\u017eevnat\u00fd materi\u00e1l a odol\u00e1v\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato hou\u017eevnatost je d\u00e1na jeho jedine\u010dnou atom\u00e1rn\u00ed strukturou, kter\u00e1 rozptyluje energii sp\u00ed\u0161e reformov\u00e1n\u00edm vazeb ne\u017e prask\u00e1n\u00edm, na rozd\u00edl od oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd obsahuje mezery, je\u017e br\u00e1n\u00ed posunu jeho atom\u016f p\u0159i z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei.<\/p>\n<p>Amorfn\u00ed oxid hlinit\u00fd se obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u00ed a v\u011bdci se sna\u017e\u00ed pochopit jeho fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti. Simulace molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed dynamiky v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd zp\u016fsob studia jeho struktury a vlastnost\u00ed; simulace molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed dynamiky umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016fm studovat tyto vlastnosti velmi podrobn\u011b - v\u010detn\u011b vibra\u010dn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy kationtov\u00fdch skupin v jeho struktu\u0159e a tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zek stability, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed b\u011bhem sklotvorn\u00fdch proces\u016f - a poskytuj\u00ed tak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vhled do toho, pro\u010d tyto l\u00e1tky vykazuj\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dnou tv\u00e1rnost.<\/p>\n<p>Ramanova spektroskopie m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout dal\u0161\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dnou metodu pro charakterizaci oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. Odhaluje tvorbu krystalick\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00ed ve sklokeramice a vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed jako modifik\u00e1tor\u016f s\u00edt\u011b a kompenz\u00e1tor\u016f n\u00e1boje, zm\u011bny ve stupni polymerace, v\u00fdskyt f\u00e1zov\u00fdch separac\u00ed a tak\u00e9 distribuci vody v hlinitok\u0159emi\u010ditanov\u00fdch sklech.<\/p>\n<p>FTIR spektra oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho se pohybuj\u00ed od 380 do 630 cm-1 v z\u00e1vislosti na jeho f\u00e1zi a zp\u016fsobu p\u0159\u00edpravy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky p\u00edk\u016f sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o trojn\u00e1sobn\u011b koordinovan\u00fdch iontech kysl\u00edku nebo o mimoplo\u0161n\u00fdch pohybech v jeho molekul\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vliv na mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n<p>V\u011bdci vyvinuli inovativn\u00ed postup pro hromadnou v\u00fdrobu mikroskopick\u00fdch vrstev oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. Tato technika, zalo\u017een\u00e1 na eloxov\u00e1n\u00ed hlin\u00edku v kysel\u00fdch roztoc\u00edch, jim umo\u017e\u0148uje eloxovat hlin\u00edk s r\u016fzn\u00fdm chemick\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm, velikost\u00ed p\u00f3r\u016f a mikrostrukturou pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 aplikace; od dekorativn\u00edho zbarven\u00ed a\u017e po nerozbitn\u00e9 obrazovky.<\/p>\n<p>Por\u00e9zn\u00ed anodick\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd je nepostradateln\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem jak v nanotechnologi\u00edch, tak ve skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u011bd\u00e1ch, proto\u017ee poskytuje atom\u00e1rn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 modely pro skeln\u00fd p\u0159echod. Zm\u011bnou druhu elektrolytu a nap\u011bt\u00ed lze identifikovat a d\u00e1le studovat jeho atomistick\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alumina glass is an extremely chemical and thermal resistant glass material with high strength, low electric conductivity levels and extreme [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=642"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":643,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/642\/revisions\/643"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}