{"id":357,"date":"2024-05-23T22:17:50","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T14:17:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/?p=357"},"modified":"2024-05-23T22:17:51","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T14:17:51","slug":"alumina-toughened-zirconia-zta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/tvrzeny-oxid-hlinity-zta\/","title":{"rendered":"Zirkonium tvrzen\u00e9 oxidem hlinit\u00fdm - ZTA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Zirkonium tvrzen\u00e9 oxidem hlinit\u00fdm (ZTA) je pokro\u010dil\u00fd technick\u00fd keramick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd kombinuje pevnost a hou\u017eevnatost oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho s vysokou odolnost\u00ed proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti odolnosti proti korozi a opot\u0159eben\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00e1stice zirkonu ZTA se pod tlakem m\u011bn\u00ed z tetragon\u00e1ln\u00edch na monoklinick\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 tlakov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zabra\u0148uje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trhlin - tento materi\u00e1l je tak mnohem odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e keramika z \u010dist\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n<h2>Tvrdost<\/h2>\n<p>ZTA je kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1l z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a zirkonu s v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fdmi mechanick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 tvrdosti odol\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed a je vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro brusn\u00e9 kotou\u010de, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat ot\u011bru a t\u0159en\u00ed; nav\u00edc odol\u00e1v\u00e1 korozi a tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm - v\u0161echny tyto vlastnosti p\u0159edur\u010duj\u00ed ZTA k pou\u017eit\u00ed v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pec\u00ed a d\u00edl\u016f turb\u00ednov\u00fdch motor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Zirkonem tvrzen\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd (ZTA) je kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1l oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a zirkoni\u010dit\u00e9ho s v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161enou lomovou hou\u017eevnatost\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010dist\u00fdm oxidem hlinit\u00fdm, tak\u017ee je schopen l\u00e9pe odol\u00e1vat \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trhlin. Hou\u017eevnatosti je dosa\u017eeno f\u00e1zov\u00fdmi p\u0159em\u011bnami rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic zirkonia rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch v matrici oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho pod nap\u011bt\u00edm; p\u0159i nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed tyto \u010d\u00e1stice zirkonia m\u011bn\u00ed f\u00e1zi z tetragon\u00e1ln\u00ed na monoklinickou krystalovou strukturu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zv\u011bt\u0161uje objem \u010d\u00e1stic a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se zvy\u0161uje tlakov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 omezuje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trhlin a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvy\u0161uje lomovou hou\u017eevnatost.<\/p>\n<p>ZTA dok\u00e1\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b ukl\u00e1dat tepelnou energii a omezit tak \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed trhlin. \u010c\u00e1stice zirkonia rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 v matrici z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho tak mohou absorbovat a uchov\u00e1vat tepelnou energii, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s vysok\u00fdmi teplotami a tak\u00e9 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed ochranu proti chemick\u00e9 korozi - jsou tedy vhodn\u00e9 pro zdravotnick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje vystaven\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed t\u011bln\u00edch tekutin a chemik\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Materi\u00e1l ZTA se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm pr\u00e1\u0161ku oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a zirkonia p\u0159ed lisov\u00e1n\u00edm a sp\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdmi metodami, jako je st\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vst\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00ed zirkonia do oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho. Zirkonium m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 kombinov\u00e1no s jin\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly, jako je karbid wolframu, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161ila pevnost kone\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku. Procesy tv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a sp\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny tak, aby se optimalizoval v\u00fdkon; jednou z takov\u00fdch obl\u00edben\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch metod je odl\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed do gelu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e byl proveden v\u00fdzkum optim\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, jako je zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pevnou l\u00e1tkou a teploty pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky v\u00fdroby materi\u00e1lu pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<h2>Odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Keramick\u00e9 kompozity s vysok\u00fdm obsahem zirkonia zvy\u0161uj\u00ed hou\u017eevnatost, pevnost a odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se samotn\u00fdm oxidem hlinit\u00fdm. Spole\u010dnost HMA Wear Solutions provedla testy s pou\u017eit\u00edm t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f v abrazivn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde ZTA p\u0159ed\u010dil sv\u016fj prot\u011bj\u0161ek d\u00edky podobn\u00e9 \u00farovni abrazivity; v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch klouzav\u00e9ho opot\u0159eben\u00ed se tvrd\u00e9 protilehl\u00e9 plochy vz\u00e1jemn\u011b neovliv\u0148ovaly, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e oxid hlinit\u00fd obvykle p\u0159ed\u010dil ZTA d\u00edky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni tvrdosti, ale tento rozd\u00edl je kompenzov\u00e1n t\u00edm, \u017ee ZTA m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odolnost, kter\u00e1 l\u00e9pe odol\u00e1v\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed n\u00e1razem.<\/p>\n<p>ZTA se od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho li\u0161\u00ed odolnost\u00ed proti tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm. Je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee ZTA odol\u00e1v\u00e1 teplot\u00e1m a\u017e 1773 K, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k jeho prasknut\u00ed nebo rozbit\u00ed, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat prudk\u00fdm v\u00fdkyv\u016fm teplot. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed koeficient tepeln\u00e9 rozta\u017enosti, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sni\u017euje nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na n\u011bj p\u016fsob\u00ed p\u0159i \u010dasov\u00e9m rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>ZTA m\u00e1 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed lomovou hou\u017eevnatost, tak\u017ee je vysoce odoln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di r\u00e1zov\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro sou\u010d\u00e1sti vystaven\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed ventil\u016f. ZTA mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 odol\u00e1vat opakovan\u00e9mu n\u00e1razov\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, ani\u017e by se zhor\u0161ila t\u011bsnic\u00ed schopnost.<\/p>\n<p>Zirkonium je biokompatibiln\u00ed, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pro lidsk\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed. V kombinaci s vysokou pevnost\u00ed v ohybu a tvrdost\u00ed je to vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed volba materi\u00e1lu pro l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 aplikace, jako je n\u00e1hrada ky\u010deln\u00edho kloubu. Krom\u011b toho je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 biokompatibilit\u011b a trvanlivosti vhodn\u00fd i pro dal\u0161\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, kde je nezbytn\u00e1 odolnost proti mechanick\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed od\u011brem, koroz\u00ed nebo chemickou eroz\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Chemick\u00e1 odolnost<\/h2>\n<p>Zirkonem tvrzen\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd je extr\u00e9mn\u011b odoln\u00fd proti korozi, tak\u017ee je vhodn\u00fd pro aplikace vystaven\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed agresivn\u00edch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed nebo ne\u010distot. Jeho odolnost nav\u00edc umo\u017e\u0148uje sn\u00e1\u0161et neust\u00e1l\u00e9 t\u0159ec\u00ed nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, ani\u017e by \u010dasem do\u0161lo k po\u0161kozen\u00ed nebo rozbit\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00e1stice zirkonia rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 v matrici z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho mohou absorbovat tepelnou energii a vytv\u00e1\u0159et tlakov\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uj\u00ed vzniku trhlin p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch - d\u00edky tomu je tento materi\u00e1l zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd pro aplikace vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eitou expozici, jako jsou sou\u010d\u00e1sti pec\u00ed nebo sou\u010d\u00e1sti turb\u00ednov\u00fdch motor\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Zirkonem zpevn\u011bn\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd vynik\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee je schopen odol\u00e1vat tvorb\u011b dutin, co\u017e je u keramiky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 vlastnost, proto\u017ee dutiny mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit pevnost a zp\u016fsobit poruchu. U zirkoni\u010dit\u00e9ho tvrzen\u00e9ho oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho se tento probl\u00e9m nevyskytuje, proto\u017ee \u010d\u00e1stice zirkonu jsou rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozpt\u00fdleny v cel\u00e9 matrici.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed a korozi je tvrzen\u00fd oxid zirkoni\u010dit\u00fd vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro \u0159ezn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, proto\u017ee ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s diamantem vynik\u00e1 svou trvanlivost\u00ed a hospod\u00e1rnost\u00ed. Odol\u00e1v\u00e1 jak intenzivn\u00edmu tlaku brusn\u00fdch kotou\u010d\u016f, tak rychl\u00fdm teplotn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m, k nim\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i brou\u0161en\u00ed; jeho v\u00fdroba je nav\u00edc mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed diamantov\u00e9 alternativy.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdrobky ZTA poskytuj\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed pom\u011br mezi cenou a hodnotou, proto\u017ee jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdrobky z oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a z\u00e1rove\u0148 levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e \u010dist\u00fd zirkon. \u010casto se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z hlinitok\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9 matrice, jako je CeramTec ceramic Biolox Delta; jejich k\u0159ivky ohybov\u00e9ho te\u010den\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost zirkonia v\u00fdrazn\u011b nem\u011bn\u00ed rychlost te\u010den\u00ed v ust\u00e1len\u00e9m stavu (10-8 s-1 p\u0159i 1473 K, 110 MPa); jeho p\u0159\u00eddavek v\u0161ak zvy\u0161uje z\u00e1vislost prim\u00e1rn\u00edho stupn\u011b te\u010den\u00ed na nap\u011bt\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce u ZTA ne\u017e u tradi\u010dn\u00ed hlinitokeramiky.<\/p>\n<h2>Odolnost proti teplotn\u00edm \u0161ok\u016fm<\/h2>\n<p>Zirkonem tvrzen\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro aplikace, kde mus\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed odol\u00e1vat n\u00e1hl\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m teploty, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k jeho po\u0161kozen\u00ed, a to d\u00edky \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edm zirkonu rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdm v matrici, kter\u00e9 absorbuj\u00ed tepelnou energii a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159edch\u00e1zet vzniku trhlin - to z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed materi\u00e1l pro konstrukci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch pro provoz p\u0159i extr\u00e9mn\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>ZTA je pokro\u010dil\u00e1 technick\u00e1 keramika, kter\u00e1 kombinuje v\u00fdhody oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a zirkonu pro dosa\u017een\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 pevnosti. Jemn\u00e1 tetragon\u00e1ln\u00ed zirkonov\u00e1 zrna, kter\u00e1 se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed nap\u011b\u0165ov\u011b indukovan\u00fdm transforma\u010dn\u00edm zpev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm, jsou usazena v matrici oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a pot\u00e9 jsou spole\u010dn\u011b slinuta, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 tento materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se vyzna\u010duje extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysokou lomovou hou\u017eevnatost\u00ed a vysokou pevnost\u00ed v ohybu, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di n\u00e1raz\u016fm a r\u00e1zov\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e1 technick\u00e1 keramika.<\/p>\n<p>ZTA vynik\u00e1 p\u016fsobivou fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed pevnost\u00ed a dobrou chemickou a mechanickou stabilitou, tak\u017ee je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odoln\u00fd. Tento materi\u00e1l nab\u00edz\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost proti korozi, kter\u00e1 je odoln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di agresivn\u00edm chemik\u00e1li\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm ve zdravotnick\u00e9m vybaven\u00ed i proti dlouhodob\u00e9mu nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9mu nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed v odst\u0159edivk\u00e1ch. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 rychlosti te\u010den\u00ed vydr\u017e\u00ed i del\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed trval\u00e9ho nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuje nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m provozu odst\u0159edivek na pln\u00e9 obr\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n<p>Zirkonem zpevn\u011bn\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd lze d\u00e1le zpevnit CeO2 a bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee se t\u00edm zvy\u0161uje jeho pevnost v ohybu i odolnost proti tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed CeO2 nav\u00edc sni\u017euje prask\u00e1n\u00ed ZTA vyvolan\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00edm a sou\u010dasn\u011b zvy\u0161uje \u00fanavovou pevnost v d\u016fsledku tvorby dlouh\u00fdch lamel LaMgAl11O19 b\u011bhem synt\u00e9zy in-situ s oxidem hlinit\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<h2>Elektrick\u00e1 izolace<\/h2>\n<p>Spole\u010dnost Great Ceramics nab\u00edz\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 technick\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, jako je tvrzen\u00fd oxid zirkoni\u010dit\u00fd, kter\u00e9 spl\u0148uj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f na pevnost, trvanlivost a odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho k jeho vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm elektroizola\u010dn\u00edm vlastnostem pat\u0159\u00ed vysok\u00e1 rezistivita a n\u00edzk\u00e9 hodnoty dielektrick\u00e9 konstanty - ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro d\u00edly vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed jak mechanick\u00e9, tak elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti. Zirkoni\u010dit\u00fd tvrzen\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b! Spole\u010dnost Great Ceramics vyr\u00e1b\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky z tvrzen\u00e9ho oxidu zirkoni\u010dit\u00e9ho, tak\u017ee z\u00e1kazn\u00edci maj\u00ed k dispozici nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jim vyhovuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>ZTA kombinuje vysokou tvrdost a lomovou hou\u017eevnatost oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho s vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed chemickou a tepelnou stabilitou oxidu zirkoni\u010dit\u00e9ho pro dosa\u017een\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdkonu. Pom\u011br oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a oxidu zirkoni\u010dit\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159izp\u016fsobit podle specifikac\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edka; nap\u0159\u00edklad zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm obsahu oxidu zirkoni\u010dit\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161\u00edme pevnost v ohybu nebo jeho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm zlep\u0161\u00edme lomovou hou\u017eevnatost nebo jin\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Zirkonem tvrzen\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic zirkonu tetragon\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze v matrici oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho p\u0159ed slinov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch, aby se z\u00edskal materi\u00e1l s po\u017eadovanou lomovou hou\u017eevnatost\u00ed, tvrdost\u00ed a odolnost\u00ed proti te\u010den\u00ed. V\u00fdb\u011brem optim\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty pro slinov\u00e1n\u00ed lze vyrobit materi\u00e1l s po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi vlastnostmi lomov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti, tvrdosti a odolnosti proti te\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Z anal\u00fdzy SEM je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee kompozity oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho a zirkonu s men\u0161\u00ed velikost\u00ed zrn a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplotou slinov\u00e1n\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed lomovou hou\u017eevnatost. To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsobeno men\u0161\u00ed energi\u00ed trhliny a krat\u0161\u00ed d\u00e9lkou trhliny d\u00edky men\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu zrn na jednotku plochy.<\/p>\n<p>Zirkonium tvrzen\u00e9 oxidem hlinit\u00fdm (ATZ) je v\u00edceslo\u017ekov\u00e1 keramika tvo\u0159en\u00e1 jemn\u011b rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdm pr\u00e1\u0161kem zirkonia tetragon\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze suspendovan\u00fdm v matrici oxidu hlinit\u00e9ho za vysok\u00fdch teplot. Tento materi\u00e1l se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit p\u016fsobivou mechanickou pevnost\u00ed, hou\u017eevnatost\u00ed a transforma\u010dn\u00ed hou\u017eevnatost\u00ed, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je vhodn\u00fd pro aplikace v\u010detn\u011b elektrolyt\u016f pevn\u00fdch oxid\u016f palivov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a tak\u00e9 pro konstruk\u010dn\u00ed a polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. Ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 kombinaci nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tvrdost, lomovou hou\u017eevnatost a odolnost proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed ne\u017e jeho jednoslo\u017ekov\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek samotn\u00fd oxid hlinit\u00fd p\u0159i v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1kladech.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alumina Toughened Zirconia (ZTA), is an advanced technical ceramic material which combines the strength and toughness of alumina with high [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=357"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":358,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/357\/revisions\/358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/artehistoria.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}